The Life of the Fly; With Which are Interspersed Some Chapters of Autobiography — Context and Discussion

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In Category - Animals
Fabre, Jean-Henri, 1823-1915, Teixeira de Mattos, Alexander, 1865-1921 [Translator] Project Gutenberg 2002 Not confirmed
Flies; Diptera Readers of public-domain and historical texts
Project Gutenberg digital edition en

Edition facts

Words 98,916
Reading time 431 min
Text sections 11

This digital edition of The Life of the Fly; With Which are Interspersed Some Chapters of Autobiography — Context and Discussion is described by source-level measurements including 98,916 words, 7 hr 11 min estimated reading time, and 11 detected text sections.

The text analysis averages about 19.6 words per sentence, while the detected sections provide another way to judge how the source is divided.

Project Gutenberg metadata also associates the work with “Flies,” connecting these edition facts with the source record’s subject description.

Fabre's study of flies blends precise observation of dipteran behavior with autobiographical chapters, revealing a naturalist who uses simple experiments to probe maggot light-sensitivity and larval development, while reflecting on his own schooling and scientific vocation.
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CHAPTER I. THE HARMAS

This is what I wished for, hoc erat in votis: a bit of land, oh, not so very large, but fenced in, to avoid the drawbacks of a public way; an abandoned, barren, sun scorched bit of land, favored by thistles and by wasps and bees. Here, without fear of being troubled by the passersby, I could consult the Ammophila and the Sphex [two digger or hunting wasps] and engage in that difficult conversation whose questions and answers have experiment for their language; here, without distant expeditions that take up my time, without tiring rambles that strain my nerves, I could contrive my plans of attack, lay my ambushes and watch their effects at every hour of the day. Hoc erat in votis. Yes, this was my wish, my dream, always cherished, always vanishing into the mists of the future.

And it is no easy matter to acquire a laboratory in the open fields, when harassed by a terrible anxiety about one's daily bread. For forty years have I fought, with steadfast courage, against the paltry plagues of life; and the long-wished-for laboratory has come at last. What it has cost me in perseverance and relentless work I will not try to say. It has come; and, with it--a more serious condition--perhaps a little leisure. I say perhaps, for my leg is still hampered with a few links of the convict's chain.

The wish is realized. It is a little late, O my pretty insects! I greatly fear that the peach is offered to me when I am beginning to have no teeth wherewith to eat it. Yes, it is a little late: the wide horizons of the outset have shrunk into a low and stifling canopy, more and more straitened day by day. Regretting nothing in the past, save those whom I have lost; regretting nothing, not even my first youth; hoping nothing either, I have reached the point at which, worn out by the experience of things, we ask ourselves if life be worth the living.

Amid the ruins that surround me, one strip of wall remains standing, immovable upon its solid base: my passion for scientific truth. Is that enough, O my busy insects, to enable me to add yet a few seemly pages to your history? Will my strength not cheat my good intentions? Why, indeed, did I forsake you so long? Friends have reproached me for it. Ah, tell them, tell those friends, who are yours as well as mine, tell them that it was not forgetfulness on my part, not weariness, nor neglect: I thought of you; I was convinced that the Cerceris [a digger wasp] cave had more fair secrets to reveal to us, that the chase of the Sphex held fresh surprises in store. But time failed me; I was alone, deserted, struggling against misfortune. Before philosophizing, one had to live. Tell them that; and they will pardon me.

Others again have reproached me with my style, which has not the solemnity, nay, better, the dryness of the schools. They fear lest a page that is read without fatigue should not always be the expression of the truth. Were I to take their word for it, we are profound only on condition of being obscure. Come here, one and all of you--you, the sting bearers, and you, the wing-cased armor-clads--take up my defense and bear witness in my favor. Tell of the intimate terms on which I live with you, of the patience with which I observe you, of the care with which I record your actions. Your evidence is unanimous: yes, my pages, though they bristle not with hollow formulas nor learned smatterings, are the exact narrative of facts observed, neither more nor less; and whoever cares to question you in his turn will, obtain the same replies.

Fabre opens his study of flies not with a taxonomic key but with a description of his Harmas, the walled garden where he observes insects on their own terms. His translator, Alexander Teixeira de Mattos, notes that this volume collects all the Diptera essays from the Souvenirs entomologiques, adding autobiographical chapters that have no bearing on flies but are among Fabre's most interesting. The result is a work that shifts between meticulous natural history and personal recollection, held together by Fabre's distinctive voice: curious, patient, and occasionally wry.

The Maggot's Retina

In the chapter on the grey flesh flies, Fabre describes a simple experiment that reveals something unexpected: the maggot, though blind, is acutely sensitive to light. He places grubs on a table near a window and observes how they turn away from the diffused daylight, crawling persistently toward darkness. When he screens the window, the troop changes direction; when he removes the screen, they turn tail again. Fabre notes that the maggot's entire skin acts as a sort of retina, capable of distinguishing light from darkness without any optical apparatus. He admits that light still keeps many secrets and regrets not having the apparatus to probe further. This passage exemplifies Fabre's method: a modest experiment, a clear observation, and an honest acknowledgment of limits.

Burial and the Glass Tube

Fabre extends his inquiry by asking how deep a maggot will bury itself to escape light. He uses a glass tube three feet long, filled with sand, and places grubs on the surface. The grubs descend to a moderate depth—about four inches—and then stop, satisfied that the layer above is thick enough. But Fabre wonders what would happen if the sideward layer were nowhere thick enough. He does not reveal the outcome in the excerpt, but the setup shows his ingenuity: he repurposes a hydrogen-flame tube for a biological experiment. The passage also reveals his frustration with limited resources, as he contrasts his poverty with the well-equipped scientists who care more for lucrative posts than for fair truths.

Autobiographical Interludes

Interspersed among the fly chapters are recollections of Fabre's childhood and schooling. In one chapter, he describes his early education and the difficulties of learning Latin and Greek. These sections are not digressions but counterpoints: they show the formation of the observer who would later spend hours watching a bluebottle lay eggs. Fabre's voice in these passages is more personal, even vulnerable, as when he recalls a memorable lesson or his first encounter with industrial chemistry. The translator's note explains that these essays are included to make the volume uniform with others in the series, but they also serve to remind the reader that scientific patience is rooted in a life of curiosity and hardship.

Readers should approach this book as a collection of essays rather than a systematic treatise. The chapters vary in length and focus, and the autobiographical sections interrupt the entomological narrative. Fabre's prose rewards slow reading: his experiments are described with enough detail to be repeated, and his reflections invite the reader to share his wonder at the ordinary. Pay attention to the footnotes added by the translator, which clarify insect names and Fabre's references, but do not let them distract from the naturalist's own voice.

Fabre’s patient watching of flies made me think of how certain catalogues—like that Supplement to the catalogue of seals and whales in the British Museum — Reading Notes—hold the same quiet awe, listing creatures with such care that the page itself feels alive. His small experiments stayed with me long after closing, a gentle reminder of how attention becomes love.

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