Ornithological biography, Vol. 2 (of 5) — Key Ideas to Explore
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For Ornithological biography, Vol. 2 (of 5) — Key Ideas to Explore, the stored edition analysis reports 237,825 words, 17 hr 15 min estimated reading time, and 128 detected text sections.
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ain the summer plumage and mode of breeding of the Water Birds, which in spring retire thither for the purpose of rearing their young in security, far remote from the haunts of man. Besides accomplishing this object, I also met there with a few species hitherto undescribed.
It has been said by some, that my work on the Birds of America would not terminate until I had added to those of the United States, the numerous species of the southern portion of our continent. Allow me, reader, to refer you in refutation of this assertion to my prospectus, in which it is stated that my work will be completed in four volumes. In whatever other enterprise I may engage, rely upon it I will adhere to my original design in this; and the only change will be, that the period of publication will be shortened, and that there will be added landscapes and views, which were not promised in the prospectus.
From my original intention of publishing _all_ the Land Birds first, I have been induced to deviate, in consequence of letters from my patrons, requesting that, after the conclusion of the second volume, the Water Birds should immediately appear. Indeed the various opinions which my subscribers occasionally express, are not a little perplexing to the "American Woodsman," ever desirous to please all, and to adhere to the method proposed at the commencement of the work. In the fourth and last volume, after the Water Birds, will be represented all that remain unpublished, or that may in the mean time be discovered, of the Land Birds. As I cannot, in the fourth volume, proportion the plates in the same manner as in the other three, the number of large drawings will be much greater in it: but the _numbers_ will still consist of five plates, and I trust my patrons will find the same careful delineation as before, with more perfect engraving and colouring. These last numbers will of course be much more expensive to me than those in which three of the plates were small. The fourth volume will conclude with representations of the eggs of the different species.
You have perhaps observed, or if not, I may be allowed to tell you, that in the first volume of my Illustrations, in which there are 100 plates, 240 figures of birds are given; and that in the second, consisting of the same number of plates, there are 244 figures. The number of species not described by WILSON, are, in the first volume twenty-one, and in the second twenty-four.
Having had but one object in view since I became acquainted with my zealous ornithological friend, the Prince of Musignano, I have spared no time, no labour, no expense, in endeavouring to render my work as perfect as it was possible for me and my family to make it. We have all laboured at it, and every other occupation has been laid aside, that we might present in the best form the Birds of America, to the generous individuals who have placed their names on my subscription list. I shall rejoice if I have in any degree advanced the knowledge of so delightful a study as that which has occupied the greater part of my life.
I have spoken to you, kind reader, more than once of my family. Allow me to introduce them:—my eldest son VICTOR GIFFORD, the younger JOHN WOODHOUSE.—Of their natural or acquired talents it does not become me to speak; but should you some day see the "Quadrupeds of America" published by their united efforts, do not forget that a pupil of DAVID first gave them lessons in drawing, and that a member of the BAKEWELL family formed their youthful minds.
To England I am as much as ever indebted for support in my hazardous and most expensive undertaking, and more than ever grateful for that assistance without which my present publication might, like an uncherished plant, have died. While I reflect on the unexpected honours bestowed on a stranger through the generous indulgence of her valuable scientific associations, I cannot refrain from expressing my gratitude for the facilities which I have enjoyed under the influence which these societies are spreading over her hospitable lands, as well as in other countries. I feel equally proud and thankful when I have to say that my own dear country is affording me a support equal to that supplied by Europe.
Audubon opens this volume with a detailed defense of his species identification for Henslow's Bunting, directly challenging Sir William Jardine's published remarks. He insists the bird is distinct from salt-marsh sparrows, noting it inhabits dry meadows and pine forests—a claim backed by hundreds of specimens collected during his rambles. This combative, evidence-driven tone recurs throughout, as Audubon repeatedly uses measurement tables and plumage comparisons to settle taxonomic disputes.
Taxonomy as Testimony
Audubon's descriptions are built around precise measurements—bill length, tarsus, wing span—and careful color notation. For Macgillivray's Finch, he gives a full table of dimensions and notes that bills vary greatly with age, a detail that undermines simplistic identification. He also corrects Wilson's figure of Henslow's Bunting, calling it 'incorrect' and asserting that his own illustration is accurate. These passages show Audubon treating taxonomy as a form of testimony, where firsthand observation outweighs earlier published plates.
The catalog subject 'Birds -- North America' is accurate but reductive: the excerpts reveal a work equally concerned with correcting the historical record. Audubon names his sources—Wilson, Jardine—and uses them as foils to establish his own authority.
The Collaborator's Hand
William MacGillivray is listed as contributor, and his presence is felt in the finch description: the species is named 'Macgillivray's Finch,' and its traits are compared to two other species in a systematic way. The text includes a note that MacGillivray's Finch is intermediate in size and combines the coloring of both relatives. This suggests a collaborative method of comparison and classification, not merely Audubon's solo fieldwork.
Yet the excerpts also show Audubon's proprietary voice: he writes 'my friends, my assistants, and myself procured hundreds of specimens.' The volume thus oscillates between collective science and personal narrative, a tension the catalog entry does not capture.
Beyond the Bird: Habitat and Behavior
Audubon does not limit himself to morphology. For the Red-eyed Vireo, he describes foraging behavior—'moving about, and along the branches or the twigs of the trees, by light hops'—and contrasts it with flycatchers. This behavioral observation is woven into the taxonomic argument: Henslow's Bunting is distinguished partly by its habitat (dry meadows, not salt marshes).
The excerpts also include a lengthy transcriber's note listing inconsistencies in spelling and possible errors, reminding readers that the text is a reconstruction from multiple print editions. The volume's authority is thus mediated by editorial intervention, a layer the original catalog does not acknowledge.
Readers should approach this volume as a hybrid: part field guide, part taxonomic polemic, part collaborative manuscript. The catalog subject 'Birds -- North America' is accurate but incomplete. Pay attention to the footnotes and the transcriber's notes, which reveal the text's contested history. Audubon's voice is confident, but the evidence shows a scientist constantly defending his ground against peers.
Rain drummed on the windowsill that afternoon while I followed Audubon’s patient corrections, noticing how each sharpened observation seemed to soften the man behind the pen. His partnership with MacGillivray lingered—two voices, one vision. That quiet collaboration nudged me toward Introduction to our bird friends, volume 2 — Background and Themes, where the same gentle trust in careful watching, unhurried, remains. The rain never really stopped.
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